Impacts of Green House Gas emission and Alternate energy Resources Research Paper

Impacts of Green House Gas emission and Alternate energy Resources - Research Paper Example The major contributors in increasing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are the power generation units. Most power generation units utilize coal to generate power. Coal is the worst fossil fuel as it is packed with more amount of waste and less amount of energy. Natural gas is the most energy content and least waste among other fossil fuel resources. Coal burns with producing solid as well as gaseous waste. Major content of gaseous wastes includes oxides of carbon, oxides of sulfur and oxides of nitrogen. As the energy requirements are increasing, power generation units tend to burn more coal and other fossil fuels in the power generation units to meet the energy demand. As the amount of feed coal increases, the greenhouse gas emissions from the power generation units also increase. We can conserve energy to reduce the waste (Chu). Transportation also accounts for the greenhouse gas emissions. In some bigger cities, the number of cars is approximately equal to the number of perso ns living in the city. It means that every person is contributing in transportation wastes. EIA projects that world energy requirements will increase 56% by the year 2040. EIA reports that world current energy requirements are about 524 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu), however, by the year 2040, the energy requirements will increase by 820 quadrillion Btu. EIA also projects that by the year 2040, 80% of the energy requirements will remain dependent on fossil fuel resources (Eia.gov). Global Warming

Environmental Scan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Scan - Essay Example Identification and Analyzing of External Environment Factors The most important external environmental factor of a non-profit organization can be identified through analyzing the issues directly related to the organizations’ operational efficiency in the particular industry. The first important factor affecting TDL Ventures is that of the financial issues. It is important to analyze whether the funds generated for accomplishing the organization’s goals are adequate or not. The essential task related to this factor is to satisfy the founder providing the money for the purpose. For mitigating the risk associated with this factor, TDL Ventures has overviewed and assessed costs associated with activities related towards delivery of services to the clients. On assessment of these issues, TDL Ventures can be stated to be in a position to carry the costs of its service within the non-profit social service industry in the US. The second most important external factor for TDL Ve ntures is the notion of both governmental and non-governmental organizations towards these social service organizations. It is, in fact, true that government and non government organizations confer a caustic overview towards these non profit organizations. This factor was a challenge for TDL Ventures during the time of its incorporation. However, pertaining to the level of importance of this specific social service to the people, the organization found adequate founders for its operations and is gradually leading to its success path (Handy & Ranade, 2000). The third most important external factor is related to the social issues governing the operation of a non profit organization. Traditionalistic cultures of the society are an influencing factor for successful operation of TDL Ventures (Twombly, 2011). Traditions prevailing within the society (either positive or negative) were required to be analyzed for effective identification of those factors. It was observed from identification process of the traditionalism that a certain portion of the society was supportive towards its existence while on the other hand, certain other portion was in an ambiguous position towards its existence. For copping up with this situation, TDL Ventures utilized several initiatives related to welfare reforms of the society and in the due course of time the society accepted its existence. At the same time, it was also required for TDL Ventures to make an assessment of cost-benefit position with regard to the societal factors. The societal cost incurred for bringing the organization into existence was to be compared with the societal benefits to be acquired from its operations. It was found from the comparison that social benefits in the form of providing a healthy lifestyle to the blind people in the society was much more than that of the costs initially encountered for the foundation of TDL Ventures (Business Studies Online, 2002). Identification and Analyzing of TDL Venture’ s Internal Strengths and Weaknesses TDL Ventures holds a strong workforce which is determined towards the achievement of its goals, both short-term as well as long-term. TDL Ventures similar to any other non profit organizations enjoys benefits from its external environmental issues as well, apart from its internal strengths. However, it is also true that it is

Research on a recent (2012-2013) malware attack Paper

On a recent (2012-2013) malware attack - Research Paper Example This paper seeks to give an in-depth analysis of the Stuxnex virus. Stuxnet is a very complex computer virus, which was observed to be specifically designed for industrial appliances attack. In this regard, it would affect the operation of the industrial devices and could lead to failure of the system. According to Ricks (2012), Stuxnet virus was designed and deployed by American and Israel intelligence in a bid to bring down the Iranian nuclear plant. The designing of the Stuxnet virus dates back from the time George W. Bush was the American president, and was accelerated to its completion under Obama’s first term as the American president (Sanger, 2012). The joint project between the American and the Israel intelligence personnel was implemented under the code â€Å"Olympic games.† The main target was the Iranian military-industrial complex in a bid to hamper its operations, thus making them incapable on continuing with their development on nuclear weapons (Sanger, n.d.). The first deployment was done in 2008 and 2009, and the target s were Natanz nuclear enrichment. At first, it was thought the failure in the operations of the plant was due to incompetence of the Iranian officials mandated to monitor it. For security reasons, computers  for  monitoring and controlling the operation of the plant were not connected to the internet. The virus was to be spread using removable devices. When the devices were plugged into the computers, the virus software would record the operations of the Centrifuges, after which it would interfere with the normal operations of the centrifuges; thus, bringing down the plant. This was the only route through which the virus could be introduced to the nuclear plant as the American and Israel intelligence officials did not have access to the plant; workers, who include engineers and maintenance personnel, were used to infect the plant with the virus through

MGT 647 Individual Project 5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MGT 647 Individual Project 5 - Assignment Example he departments so that there could be a streamline of work flow and accountability ensured to both the project leaders and management of project done in an efficient manner that conforms to organization requirement. By undertaking the activities, Advance Corporation was achieved and improve in many ways. By training the labors, there was employment of highly qualified workers who could articulate major issues in the company hence there was a smooth flow work and reduced burden on behalf of the managers since quality was guaranteed (Russell, 2007). The departments who were understaffed before could improve work since more workers were allocated to them. Through the adoption of the videoconferencing facility, management of the project and coordination became easier since there was sharing of information at all levels of the project cycle reducing chances of not spreading information from one department to another. Movement was also made easier since the geographical barriers were greatly minimized since the facility enabled the managers to take control and coordinate work at any place without interference as they either travel, away on other company duties or get meeting information at any place (Gido & Clements, 2012). By structuring the duties of the departmental heads, especially the research and development,t and that of sales reduced the problems that had emanated previously caused by either the confusions in responsibilities and disagreements to a more continuous flow of work with distinctive work procedures leading to a more efficient and faster work. Differences in opinions acts as the generation of ideas as to how to articulate issues as alternatives to the best solutions. After a thorough discussion with the two managers, it was easier for them to understand one another and acts with flexibility which provided a good environment to the work process in the organization. By implementing the actions and deeds the company was able to achieve its objectives

Book Review Essay Example for Free

Book Review Essay The novel is about a wolf called Faolan that survives with a friend of his, Edme. There is another wolf called the Prophet that tries to send out wolves to kill Faolan and Edme. They try to find a shelter to try to hide but end up getting spotted by a wolf. They run away and escape from the wolf. After getting away they go out and find the Prophet. They confront him ask ask him why he wants to kill them and he jumps at them and they finally kill the Prophet. The book is associated with the other five Wolves of the Beyond books Lone Wolf, Shadow Wolf, Watch Wolf, Spirit Wolf, and Star Wolf.  I would give the book a 2 because I like the Wolves of the Beyond books. They explain how the wolves survive and how they hunt their prey. The book shows how they grow up and learn to hunt and communicate with the others. I also like how the author makes it feel like something is going to happen like a fight scene. The book also continues the story of the main character, Faolan and gives the wolf a characteristic for each book the author makes. The novel is about a wolf called Faolan that survives with a friend of his, Edme. There is another wolf called the Prophet that tries to send out wolves to kill Faolan and Edme. They try to find a shelter to try to hide but end up getting spotted by a wolf. They run away and escape from the wolf. After getting away they go out and find the Prophet. They confront him ask ask him why he wants to kill them and he jumps at them and they finally kill the Prophet. The book is associated with the other five Wolves of the Beyond books Lone Wolf, Shadow Wolf, Watch Wolf, Spirit Wolf, and Star Wolf.  I would give the book a 2 because I like the Wolves of the Beyond books. They explain how the wolves survive and how they hunt their prey. The book shows how they grow up and learn to hunt and communicate with the others. I also like how the author makes it feel like something is going to happen like a fight scene. The book also continues the story of the main character, Faolan and gives the wolf a characteristic for each book the author makes.

The Negatives of Cosmetic Surgery Essay Example for Free

The Negatives of Cosmetic Surgery Essay Cosmetic Surgery, the thing that people get but ends up going totally wrong. Many people are against cosmetic surgery for many reason, health risk, the surgens that perform the surgery and many more. Let’s learn further more about cosmetic surgery and other risk it has. What is cosmetic surgery? Cosmetic Surgery the reshaping of body parts through surgical procedures. Common cosmetic surgery procedures include breast reduction or enlargement, facelift, hair replacement, and liposuction. Cosmetic surgery is done to approve the appearance of a person’s normal body structures. It also improve the appearance of a person and there body parts that are damaged by congenital defects, injury, burns, tumors, or diseases. But with all being done this can also lead to health risk as well. With this comes health risk, many reason why people are so against getting this done is because of the after math once you get the surgery done. For example as with any surgery, there is a risk of postoperative complications. Patients with a history of cardiovascular disease, lung disease, or obesity are at higher than average risk of developing pneumonia or having a stroke, a heart attack, or blood clots in the legs or lungs after surgery. Other risks include bleeding, infection, skin breakdown, or accumulation of clear fluid (seroma) or blood (hematoma) beneath the incision (Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection). Sometimes cosmetic surgery don’t produce the results the patient desires. This is often a problem with with the skill of the surgeon. There is always the negative impact of having a surgery done and being unhappy with the results. For example, people can botox, lip injections, tummy tucks, liposucstion, etc. after getting it done and during the processe they look horrible from what they did before they go the procedures.The outcome may have been exactly what the physician described, but the patient still is unhappy with the results. Another prime  example is when after surgery the doctor write’s up a proscription for the patient to esse the pain but if anyone knew, doctor’s like over medicate their patience. There are some people that can be addicated to pain killers

Web Usage Mining for Web Page Recommendation

Web Usage Mining for Web Page Recommendation A Survey On Web Usage Mining For Web Page Recommendation Using Biclustering ABSTRACT The World Wide Web contains an increasing amount of websites which in turn contains increasing number of web pages. When any user visits a new website they have to go through large number of web pages to meet their requirements. Web usage mining is the process of extracting useful knowledge from the server logs. This useful knowledge can be applied to target marketing and in the design of web portals. A Recommender system is one of the best web usage mining Application which reduces the difficulties faced by the users to meet their requirements .It recommends the pages of interest to the user. This report includes the survey of different clustering and biclustering techniques. Also we will discuss the biclustering approach which has some advantages over the traditional clustering approach. Keywords : Web usage mining, Recommender system, biclustering I. INTRODUCTION The World Wide Web store, share, and distribute information in the large scale. There is large number of internet users on the web. They are facing many problems like information overload due to the significant and rapid growth in the amount of information and the number of users. As a result, how to provide web users with more exactly needed information is becoming a critical issue in web applications. Web mining extracts interesting pattern or knowledge from web data. It is classified into three types as web content mining, web structure, and web usage mining. Web usage mining is the most important area of web mining which deals with the extraction of useful knowledge from the web usage data. There are different kinds of datasets on which web usage mining can be performed. They are in the form of log files. These log files can be stored at server side, proxy side and client side. Mostly the server side log files are used for web usage mining. Before the mining process various pre-p rocessing techniques can be applied to the log files, for example, pre-processing, pattern discovery, pattern analysis. The data mining techniques like Association rule mining, Sequential pattern analysis; Classification and Clustering are used to mine the web usage data. The mined knowledge can be helpful in different web applications like personalization of web Content, support for the design, E-commerce, and many other web applications. In this paper we discuss clustering technique of data mining for web usage data. Clustering is one of the important data mining technique to discover usage pattern from the web usage data. The users with the same browsing pattern are clustered in the same group and the others are clustered in different groups. In this survey we consider biclustering algorithm based on genetic algorithms (GAs) for effective clustering. In general, a genetic algorithm (GA) is a search heuristic that mimics the process of natural selection. This heuristic (also sometimes called a metaheuristic) is routinely used to generate useful solutions to optimization and search problems [10]. So, we believe that a clustering technique with Genetic algorithm can provide relevant clusters more effectively. A traditional clustering method clusters users according to their similarity of browsing behaviour under all pages. However, it is often the case that some users have similar behaviour only on a subset of pages. For example consider below example user page matrix. [2] TABLE-1 : USER PAGE MATRIX When all pages are considered users 1, 2, and 4 do not show similar behaviour since their hit count values are uncorrelated under page 2 ,while users 1 and 2 have an increased hit count value from page 1 to page 2, the hits of user 4 drops from page 1 to page 2. However, these users behave similarly under pages 1, 3, and 4 since all their hit count values increase from page 1 to page 3 and increase again for page 4. A traditional clustering method will fail to recognize such a cluster since the method requires the three users to behave similarly under all pages which are not the case [2]. To overcome this problem Biclustering or Two- way clustering was introduced. Biclustering was first introduced by Hartigan and called it direct clustering [1]. Following section describes some of the clustering and biclustering methods together with Genetic algorithm available in the literature. II. LITERATURE SURVEY 2.1 WEB MINING Web mining is categorized into three areas which are Web usage mining, Web content mining, and Web structure mining [6]. Web usage mining makes use of logs that are generated by the Web server to make sense of the user’s behaviour on the Web. The logs captured by web servers are the primary source of data in web usage mining, and it is important as it explicitly records the browsing behaviour of site visitors. The greatest advantage of the web server logs is that they are records of what people have actually done, and not what they might do or thought they did [4]. Web personalization based on Web usage mining involves three phases; data preparation and transformation, pattern discovery, and recommendation. In the first stage, the web server logs will undergo intensive pre-processing stage that will remove all irrelevant information and prepare the logs for pattern discovery to derive the user profile. A previous study used frequency and duration as indicators to represent the interest degree of a Web page to a user in the session. Another separate study indicates that contiguous sequential patterns found in frequent navigational paths are more suitable for predictive tasks, such as predicting which item the user will access next during his navigation. Recent studies on sequential patterns in web log data show that ordered sequence of events can discover web users’ navigational patterns [4]. Web content mining is the process of extracting knowledge from the content of Web documents [6]. One of the challenges in Web content is to extract useful information from the pages. This stage is known as Web content cleaning. A Web page typically contains a mixture of many kinds of information, such as the main content, advertisements, navigation panels, and copyright notices [5]. Web content mining techniques alone is unable to handle dynamic content changes in news sites. On the other hand, personalization based on web usage by itself is not able to reflect the changes in site content, because these changes are not included in the Web logs. As Web usage and Web content have limitations, combining these two areas will harness both of their use for personalization [4]. 2.2 WEB LOG A Web log is a file to which the Web server writes information each time a user requests a resource from that particular site. All users’ web access activities of a website are recorded by the WWW server of the website and stored into the Web Server Logs. Each user access record contains the client IP address, request time, requested URL, user ID, HTTP status code, etc. Web log consist of attributes with the data values in the form of records. The information contained in web logs has been used in many different ways. In various studies, researchers and search engine administrators have used information from web logs to learn about the search process and to improve search engines. Besides learning about search engines or their users, query web logs are also being used to infer semantic concepts or relations [3]. 2.3 DATA COLLECTION There are three main sources to get the row log data, which are namely 1) Client Log File 2) Proxy Log File 3) Web Server Log File Web Server Log File: The most significant and frequently used source for web usage mining is web server log data. This web log data is generated automatically by web server when it services user request, which contains all information about visitor’s activity. The common server log file types are access log, agent log, error log and referrer log [7] Table-1 summarizes each. TABLE-2: WEB SERVER LOG FILE TYPES AND CONTENT[7] Depending on web server, web log file data varies on number, type of attributes, and format of log file. W3C maintains standard log file format however custom log file format can be configured. Many varied format are available like 1.Common log format, 2.Extended common log format, 3. Centralized log format, 4.NCSA common log format, 5.ODBC logging, 6.Centralized binary logging. among all common or extended file format are mainly implemented by web server. [7] Common Log Format (CLF) may contain following fields [host/IP rfcname logname [DD/MMM/YYYY: HH:MM:SS-0000] â€Å"METHOD/PATH HTTP/ 1.0† bytes] [7] 2.4 RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM Recommender systemsorrecommendation systems are a subclass ofinformation filtering systemthat seek to predict the rating or preference that user would give to an item.The most popular ones are probably movies, music, news, books, research articles, search queries, social tags, and products in general. However, there are also recommender systems for experts, jokes, restaurants, financial services,life insurance, persons (online dating), and Twitter followers.[9] Various data mining techniques applied on web recommendation system for the data Pre-processing of web server log data. III. METHODS AND MATERIALS 3.1 BICLUSTER Bicluster Types [8] Different biclustering algorithms have different definitions of bicluster. 1) Bicluster with constant values (a), 2) Bicluster with constant values on rows (b) or columns (c), 3) Bicluster with coherent values (d). (a) (b) (c) (d) 3.2 CLICKSTREAM DATA PATTERN Clickstream data is a sequence of Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) browsed by the user within a particular period of time. By analyzing these data we can discover web users having similar browsing pattern. It requires some preprocessing before it is taken for analyse[1]. 3.3 INITIAL BICLUSTERS[1] K-Means clustering method is applied on the web user access matrix A(U, P) along both dimensions separately to generate ku user clusters and kp page clusters .And then combine the results to obtain small co-regulated sub matrices (ku Ãâ€" kp) called biclusters. These correlated biclusters are also called seeds. 3.4 COHERENT BICLUSTERING FRAMEWORK USING GENETIC ALGORITHM (GA) [1] Usually, GA is initialized with the population of random solutions. In our case, after the greedy local search procedure the optimization technique genetic algorithm is applied on biclusters to get the optimum bicluster. This will result in faster convergence compared to random initialization. Algorithm: Evolutionary Biclustering Algorithm [1] Input: Set enlarged and refined seed Output: Optimal Bicluster Step 1. Initialize the population. Step 2. Evaluate the fitness of individuals Step 3. For i =1 to max_iteration Selection() Crossover() Mutation() Evaluate the fitness End(For) Step 4. Return the optimal bicluster Using the above algorithm we can generate optimum biclusters from web usage data which exhibits high coherence between the web user and the pages visited by them. Analyzing these overlapping coherent biclusters could be very beneficial for direct marketing, target marketing and also useful for recommending system, web personalization systems, web usage categorization and user profiling. The interpretation of biclustering results is also used by the company for focalized marketing campaigns to improve their performance of the business [1]. IV. CONCLUSION The Biclustering approach overcomes the problem associated with traditional clustering methods by showing the higher coherence between the web user and the subset of pages visited by them. The result of Biclustering can be used in the focalized marketing strategy like direct marketing and target marketing. The recommendation system will give the website its most visited pages by its all user. It also gives information of the user having same behaviour on subset of pages. So it target on improving the website’s design, information availability and quality of services. Future work aims at extending this framework by using it as a pre-processing tool for the web page recommendation system. REFERENCES